Class Terminology
Basic terminology and pronunciation of Chinese terms used in class. Enjoy.
GENERAL TERMS
| 長拳 | Chang Quan | Long Fist |
| 洪(門/家)拳 | Hong Quan | Hong Family Fist |
| 楊氏太極拳 | Yang Family Tai Ji Quan | Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan |
| 老師 | Lao Shi | Teacher |
| 教練 | Jiao Lian | Instructor |
| 師兄 | Shi Xiong | Older Brother / Senior / Instructor |
BODY PARTS
| 腳 | jiǎo | foot |
| 腳尖 | jiǎo jiān | tip of the toe |
| 腳背 | jiǎo bèi | top of foot |
| 腳跟 | jiǎo gēn | heel |
| 趾 | zhǐ | toe |
| 踝 | huái | ankle |
| 脛骨 | jìng gǔ | shin |
| 脛骨裡面 | jìng gǔ lǐ miàn | inner shin |
| 脛骨外面 | jìng gǔ wài miàn | outer shin |
| 外小腿 | wài xiǎo tuǐ | shin |
| 小腿 | xiǎo tuǐ | lower leg |
| 膝蓋 | xī gài | knee |
| 大腿 | dà tuǐ | thigh |
| 胯 | kuà | hip joint |
| 腰 | yāo | waist |
| 丹田 | dān tián | centre of gravity |
| 中丹田 | zhōng dān tián | solar plexus |
| 橫膈膜 | héng gé mó | diaphragm |
| 身 | shēn | body |
| 肩 | jiān | shoulder |
| 肩胛骨 | jiān jiǎ gǔ | shoulder blade |
| 胸 | xiōng | chest |
| 肋骨 | lèi gǔ | ribs |
| 胸骨 | xiōng gǔ | sternum |
| 脊椎 | jǐ zhuī | spine |
| 尾閭 | wěi lǘ | tailbone |
| 背 | bèi | back |
| 臀部 | tún bù | buttocks |
| 脖子 | bó zi | neck |
| 喉嚨 | hóu lóng | throat |
| 下顎 | xià è | jaw |
| 眼睛 | yǎn jīng | eye |
| 鼻子 | bí zi | nose |
| 耳朵 | ěr duo | ear |
| 口 | kǒu | mouth |
| 頭 | tóu | head |
| 肘 | zhǒu | elbow |
| 上臂 | shàng bì | upper arm |
| 臂 | bì | arm |
| 橋 | qiáo | forearm |
| 橋手 | qiáo shǒu | bridge hand |
| 手腕 | shǒu wàn | wrist |
| 手 | shǒu | hand |
| 掌 | zhǎng | palm |
| 拳 | quán | fist |
| 指 | zhǐ | finger |
| 虎爪 | zhuǎ | tiger claw |
| 勾 | gōu | hook |
| 鉤子 | gōu zi | hook |
Other Terms and Concepts
Breathing
| 吸氣 | xī qì | inhale |
| 吐氣 | tǔ qì | exhale |
| 呼氣 | hū qì | exhale |
| 氣 | qì | vital energy / breath |
| 吞 | tūn | sink |
| 含 | hán | concave / internal control |
| 體呼氣 | tǐ hū qì | body exhale |
Posture
| 中心 | zhōng xīn | centre / core |
| 膝蓋不過腳尖 | – | knees must not pass toes |
| 九關節 | jiǔ guān jié | nine joints |
| 骱 | xiè | joint socket |
| 含胸 | hán xiōng | sink chest |
| 含身 | hán shēn | sink body |
| 尾閭收 | wěi lǘ shōu | tuck tailbone |
| 下顎收 | xià è shōu | tuck chin |
Strikes and blocks
| 採打 | cǎi dǎ | grab and strike |
| 劈 | pī | downward strike |
| 仆腿 | pū tuǐ | sinking side kick strike |
| 一步三拳 | yī bù sān quán | one step three punches |
| 排臂 | pái bì | arm beating block |
| 攔截手 | lán jié shǒu | intercepting hand |
| 對練 | duì liàn | partner practice |
| 採手 | cǎi shǒu | grabbing hand |
| 剷腳 | chǎn jiǎo | sweeping foot |
Kicks
| 踢腿 | tī tuǐ | basic kick |
| 蹬腿 | dèng tuǐ | heel kick |
| 切腿 | qiē tuǐ | slicing kick |
| 溜腿 | liū tuǐ | swing kick |
| 外擺腿 | wài bǎi tuǐ | outer swing kick |
| 內擺腿 | nèi bǎi tuǐ | inner swing kick |
| 單飛腿 | dān fēi tuǐ | flying kick |
| 二起腿 | èr qǐ tuǐ | double rise kick |
| 旋風腿 | xuán fēng tuǐ | whirlwind kick |
| 穿心 | chuān xīn | toe thrust kick |
| 丁字腿 | dīng zì tuǐ | T-kick |
| 側蹬腿 | cè dèng tuǐ | side heel kick |
| 仆腿 | pū tuǐ | sinking kick |
| 剷腳 | chǎn jiǎo | sweeping foot |
QIN NA TECHNIQUES
| 擒拿 | qín ná | grappling |
| 小纏絲 | xiǎo chán sī | small silk wrap |
| 大纏絲 | dà chán sī | large silk wrap |
| 老驢臥蹄 | lǎo lǘ wò tí | wrist lock variation |
| 霸王請客 | bà wáng qǐng kè | thumb lock transition |
| 黃鶯別翅 | huáng yīng bié chì | wing separation lock |
INSTRUCTORS COMMANDS
| 下蹲 | xià dūn | squat |
| 活臂 | huó bì | loosen arms |
| 甩腰 | shuǎi yāo | waist swing |
| 活腰 | huó yāo | loosen waist |
| 切掌 | qiē zhǎng | cutting palm |
| 托天畫地 | tuō tiān huà dì | support sky / draw ground |
| 壓腿 | yā tuǐ | leg stretch |
| 雁式平衡 | yàn shì píng héng | balance drill |
| 集合 | jí hé | gather |
| 預備 | yù bèi | ready |
| 開始 | kāi shǐ | start |
| 換邊 | huàn biān | switch sides |
| 換腳 | huàn jiǎo | switch foot |
| 停 | tíng | stop |
| 分解動作 | fēn jiě dòng zuò | breakdown movement |
| 連續動作 | lián xù dòng zuò | continuous movement |
| 立正 | lì zhèng | attention |
| 敬禮 | jìng lǐ | salute |
| 下課 | xià kè | end class |
STANCES (CHANG QUAN / HONG QUAN)
| 馬步 | mǎ bù | horse stance |
| 弓步 | gōng bù | bow stance |
| 登山式 | dēng shān bù | mountain stance |
| 坐盤式 | zuò pán shì | seated stance |
| 四六步 | sì liù bù | 40/60 stance |
| 伏虎式 | fú hǔ shì | tiger stance |
| 獨立步 | dú lì bù | single leg stance |
| 金雞獨立 | jīn jī dú lì | golden rooster stance |
| 虛步 | xū bù | empty stance |
| 吞式 | tūn bù | sunken stance |
洪拳步法 HONG QUAN STANCES
| 四平大馬 | sì píng (dà) mǎ | four level wide horse |
| 子午馬 | zi wǔ mǎ | midnight noon horse |
| 伏虎馬 | fú hǔ mǎ | tiger taming horse |
| 麒麟馬 | qí lín mǎ | Kirin (Unicorn) stance |
| 獨鶴馬 | dú hè mǎ | single leg crane horse |
| 吊馬 | diào mǎ | suspended horse |
| 中字馬 | zhōng zì mǎ | centre horse |
| 敗馬式 | bài mǎ shì | evading horse step |
| 三角馬 | sān jiǎo mǎ | three corner horse |
| 跳馬 | tiào mǎ | jump / skip over horse |
| 二字拑羊馬 | èr zì qián yáng mǎ | double grasping stance |
| 丁字馬 | dīng zì mǎ | T-shaped horse |
| 跪馬 | guì mǎ | kneeling horse |
長洪套路 CHANG QUAN / HONG QUAN FORMS
| 十路彈腿 | shí lù tán tuǐ | 10 Road Tan Tui (springing leg) |
| 連步拳 | lián bù quán | Linking step fist |
| 蟠龍棍 | pán lóng gùn | Coiling dragon staff |
| 工力拳 | gōng lì quán | Working power fist |
| 對棍 | duì gùn | Pair staff |
| 工字伏虎拳 | gōng zì fú hǔ quán | “I” shape tiger taming fist |
| 柳葉單刀 | liǔ yè dān dāo | Willow leaf sword |
| 一路埋伏 | yī lù mái fú | First way of ambush |
| 單鶴朝枝 | dān hè cháo zhī | Lone crane facing branch / Basic Crane fist |
| 崑峿棍 | kūn wú gùn | Kun Wu Staff |
| 靈蛇出洞 / 蛇拳 | líng shé chū dòng / shé quán | Clever snake leaves hole / Basic snake fist |
| 七星刀 | qī xīng dāo | Seven star sword |
| 二路埋伏 | èr lù mái fú | Second way of ambush |
| 洪門槍 | hóng mén qiāng | Hong family spear |
| 五禽虎 | wǔ qín hǔ | Five animals tiger |
| 洪門劍 | hóng mén jiàn | Hong family straight sword |
| 大刀（關刀） | dà dāo (guān dāo) | Halberd, named after Guan Gong |
| 十字趟 | shí zì tàng | Ten character journey |
| 扑刀 | pū dāo | Beating sword |
| 羅漢十八掌 | luó hàn shí bā zhǎng | Eighteen Luo Han palm |
| 三才劍 | sān cái jiàn | Three power sword |
| 小虎燕 | xiǎo hǔ yàn | Small tiger swallow |
| 四路查拳 | sì lù chá quán | Fourth road Cha family fist |
| 夜遊江南扇 | yè yóu jiāng nán shàn | Night tour of South Yangtze fan |
| 八卦刀 | bā guà dāo | Eight trigram sword |
| 洪門棍 | hóng mén gùn | Hong family staff |
| 十形豹 | shí xíng bào | Ten shape leopard fist |
| 五禽龍 | wǔ qín lóng | Five animals dragon fist |
| 三才對劍 | sān cái duì jiàn | Three power pair sword |
| 鐵尺 | tiě chǐ | Iron ruler (Sai) |
| 五禽鶴 | wǔ qín hè | Five animal crane fist |
| 五禽蛇 | wǔ qín shé | Five animal snake fist |
| 三路砲 | sān lù pào | Third road cannon fist |
| 小洪拳 | xiǎo hóng quán | Small Hong fist (Shaolin Quan) |
五形 / 十形 / 五禽
五形 (Five Elements)
| 五形 | wǔ xíng | five elements |
| 龍 虎 豹 蛇 鶴 | lóng hǔ bào shé hè | dragon tiger leopard snake crane |
十形 (Ten Forms)
| 虎 | hǔ | tiger |
| 鶴 | hè | crane |
| 龍 | lóng | dragon |
| 蛇 | shé | snake |
| 猴 | hóu | monkey |
| 鷹 | yīng | eagle |
| 熊 | xióng | bear |
| 獅 | shī | lion |
| 馬 | mǎ | horse |
| 豹 | bào | leopard |
五禽 (Five Animals)
| 虎 | hǔ | tiger |
| 鶴 | hè | crane |
| 龍 | lóng | dragon |
| 蛇 | shé | snake |
| 猴 | hóu | monkey |
General Notes:
北長拳四大家：查花(華)洪砲
Northern Long Fist 4 main families: Cha, Hua, Hong, Pao
Linage
Chang Quan Lineage
| Pinyin | English | Chinese Characters |
|---|---|---|
| Zhào Kuāng Yìn (Sòng Tài Zǔ) | Emperor Tai Zu, founder of the Song Dynasty (927–976 AD) | 趙匡胤 (宋太祖) |
| Tài Zǔ Cháng Quán | Well known style in the Ming Dynasty | 太祖長拳 |
| Zhōng Yāng Guó Shù Guǎn | Nanjing Central Martial Arts Academy; system includes Mai Fu Quan, Cha Quan, Mantis, Pao Quan, etc. | 中央國術館 |
| Hán Qìng Táng | Great Grand Master Han | 韓慶堂 |
| Lǐ Mào Qīng | Grand Master Li | 李茂清 |
| Chén Qīng Hé | Master Chen | 陳清河 |
Hong Quan Lineage
| Pinyin | English | Chinese Characters |
|---|---|---|
| Zhì Shàn Chán Shī | Monk Zhi Shan | 至善禪師 |
| Hóng Xī Guān | Founder of Hong Quan | 洪熙官 |
| Lù A Cǎi | Disciple / younger brother in Hóng Xī Guān’s school | 陸阿采 |
| Huáng Qí Yīng | Renowned Cantonese martial artist, father of Huáng Fēi Hǒng | 黃麒英 |
| Huáng Fēi Hǒng | Lived 1847–1924; one of the most famous Cantonese martial artists | 黃飛鴻 |
| Lín Jiā Kūn | Great Grand Master Lin | 林家坤 |
| Zhāng Kè Zhì | Grand Master Zhang | 張克治 |
| Chén Qīng Hé | Master Chen | 陳清河 |
